What is the best way to prevent transmission of pathogens?

Washing hands is the best way to prevent the transmission of pathogens because it is a highly effective method for removing dirt, bacteria, and viruses from the skin. Proper handwashing involves using soap and clean, running water to scrub all parts of the hands for at least 20 seconds. This process helps dislodge and wash away microbes that may be present, reducing the likelihood of spreading infections to oneself or others.

While the other options—using hand sanitizers, wearing gloves, and avoiding contact—can play a role in infection control, they do not offer the same level of effectiveness as handwashing. Hand sanitizers can be useful when soap and water are not available, but they may not eliminate all types of germs, especially if the hands are visibly dirty or greasy. Wearing gloves provides a barrier but does not replace the need for hand hygiene, as pathogens can still be present on surfaces or can be transferred to the hands when removing gloves. Avoiding contact is a preventive measure that can reduce risk but is often impractical and does not address the everyday situations where pathogens may be present.

Thus, handwashing stands out as the cornerstone of personal hygiene and infection prevention due to its simplicity, accessibility, and proven effectiveness.