Which of the following is essential for effective handwashing?

Friction is essential for effective handwashing because it plays a crucial role in physically removing dirt, germs, and debris from the skin. When hands are rubbed together vigorously, the friction helps to dislodge pathogens from the surface of the skin, allowing soap and water to wash them away more effectively.

While other factors, such as the type of soap used and the temperature of the water, can contribute to the overall effectiveness of hand hygiene, it is the mechanical action of friction that significantly enhances the washing process. Proper handwashing technique emphasizes the importance of scrubbing all parts of the hands, including between fingers and under nails, where germs can easily hide.

In contrast, antibacterial soap, cold water, and alcohol-based rubs have their places in hygiene practices, but they do not specifically address the mechanical action that friction provides in a traditional handwashing scenario.